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Equity

Equity represents the residual interest in a company’s assets after deducting liabilities. For owners, it reflects their stake in the business. In corporations, it includes common stock, retained earnings, and additional paid-in capital. Equity increases with profits and decreases with losses or withdrawals.

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Expenditure

The total amount spent by a business to acquire assets, goods, or services. It includes both capital expenditures (long-term investments)…

Exchange Gain/Loss

The profit or loss from converting one currency to another due to exchange rate fluctuations. These arise in international transactions…

Employee Liabilities

Amounts owed by a company to its employees or on their behalf. This includes unpaid wages, accrued vacation, payroll taxes,…