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Equity

Equity represents the residual interest in a company’s assets after deducting liabilities. For owners, it reflects their stake in the business. In corporations, it includes common stock, retained earnings, and additional paid-in capital. Equity increases with profits and decreases with losses or withdrawals.

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Excise Duty (Australia)

A tax levied on specific goods manufactured or produced in Australia, such as alcohol, tobacco, and fuel.

Employment Allowance

A UK relief allowing eligible employers to reduce their annual National Insurance liability by a set amount.

Estimated Tax Penalty

An IRS penalty applied when a US taxpayer underpays estimated taxes throughout the year.