Zero-based budgeting is a method where every expense must be justified for each new period, starting from a zero base. Unlike traditional budgeting, it doesn’t carry forward previous budgets. ZBB helps eliminate unnecessary spending, but requires more time, detailed planning, and justification of all costs.
Zero defect accounting applies quality management principles to financial reporting, aiming for error-free entries and reconciliation. It focuses on preventive…
Zonal costing involves calculating and comparing costs incurred across different operational zones or branches of a company. It assists management…
Z-trend analysis uses statistical standardisation (z-scores) to identify deviations from normal performance in financial data. It helps accountants and auditors…
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