Unappropriated retained earnings are the portion of net income not designated for a specific purpose (like dividends or reserves). They remain available for reinvestment or future distribution. Unlike appropriated earnings, these funds are unrestricted and can be used as management sees fit for business operations.
Under-absorption of overheads happens when the allocated overheads to products or jobs are less than the actual overheads incurred. It…
An unfavourable variance occurs when actual costs exceed budgeted or standard costs, or when actual revenue falls short of expectations.…
Utility expense represents the cost of services such as electricity, water, gas, and internet used in business operations. It is…
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