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Reserve

Reserves are retained portions of profits set aside for specific purposes, such as legal obligations, future investments, or contingencies. Common types include capital reserves and revenue reserves. Though part of retained earnings, reserves provide additional transparency in financial reporting and support the business’s financial stability.

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Retained Earnings

Retained earnings represent the cumulative net profit a company keeps after distributing dividends to shareholfers. Reported under equity on the…

Running costs

Running costs are recurring operational expenses necessary for keeping the business functioning day-to-day. This includes fuel, maintenance, salaries, insurance, and…

Revenue expenditure

Revenue expenditure refers to costs incurred in the day-to-day running of a business, like rent, utilities, and maintenance. These are…