Zero Variance
Zero variance occurs when actual financial outcomes perfectly match budgeted or standard figures. While rare in practice, it signifies accurate forecasting and operational control. Analysts use variance measurement to assess performance consistency and the precision of planning assumptions.
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Zero Defect Accounting
Zero defect accounting applies quality management principles to financial reporting, aiming for error-free entries and reconciliation. It focuses on preventive…
Zonal Costing
Zonal costing involves calculating and comparing costs incurred across different operational zones or branches of a company. It assists management…
Z-Trend Analysis
Z-trend analysis uses statistical standardisation (z-scores) to identify deviations from normal performance in financial data. It helps accountants and auditors…
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